Gene mutations identified in individuals with the ns phenotype are involved in the rasmapk mitogenactivated protein kinase signal transduction pathway and currently explain. The physical characteristics are not always obvious and can be hard to identify in individuals with more. Noonan syndrome symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. As the condition name suggests, noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines is very similar to a condition called noonan syndrome, and it can be difficult to tell the two disorders apart in early childhood. Although initial descriptions focused on characteristic facial features as part of the clinical picture, the availability of genetic. The pcmr enrolled 62 patients who were diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy between 1996 and 2002 at 19 participating sites with an etiology of noonan syndrome. John opitz proposed that noonans syndrome be given the name because dr. Affected individuals can bear some clinical features similar to that of turner syndrome. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Other findings may include differences in clotting ability, chest shape, lymph system, and in the eye, etc. Noonan syndrome, multiple lentigines syndrome leopard syndrome, watson syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1 share certain clinical manifestations.
The noonan syndrome support group, inc clinical features, diagnosis and management guidelines for those affected by noonan syndrome a parents guide to noonan syndrome a parents guide to noonan syndrome 112012. Noonan syndrome is a common genetic disorder that causes multiple congenital abnormalities and a large number of potential health conditions. The cardinal features of noonan syndrome include unusual facies ie, hypertelorism, downslanting eyes, webbed neck, congenital heart disease, short stature, and chest deformity. Noonan syndrome is a relatively common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, the incidence being estimated by nora et al. Clinical features, diagnosis and management guidelines for. Noonan syndrome is a condition that affects many areas of the body. Aside from face and heart abnormalities, there may be associated bleeding abnormalities, scoliosis, infertility in males, lymphedema, and intellectual disability. Noonan syndrome what are the characteristics of noonan.
Anaesthetic challenges and difficult airway management in. Noonan syndrome ns, omim 163950 is the eponymous name for the disorder described by the pediatric cardiologist jacqueline noonan more than forty years ago. A deep groove in the philtrum the area between the nose and mouth widelyspaced eyes that are vivid blue or blue. Abnormalities of the lymphatic system, such as lymphedema and cystic hygroma, are wellknown features of genetic disorders such as noonan syndrome ns and turner syndrome. Not everyone with the condition will share the same characteristics. Most affected individuals have characteristic facial. Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines wikipedia. Noonan syndrome life expectancy, pictures, symptoms, causes. It is characterized by mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms. Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that usually includes heart anomalies and. Design twenty five children with noonan s syndrome were investigated by contrast radiology, ph monitoring, surface electrogastrography egg, and antroduodenal manometry adm. Mendez and opitz consider the frequency to be even higher, with 1 per 1,000 severely affected cases and 1 per 100 with mild expression.
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis in noonans syndrome jama. She based the description of this putatively novel syndrome on observations made in nine patients with pulmonic stenosis ps, a distinctive dysmorphic facial appearance with. Noonan syndrome begins at birth and it may be very difficult to establish it from only facial appearance. Are ecg abnormalities in noonan syndrome characteristic. Noonan syndrome ns may include findings of short stature, heart defects, distinctive facial features, and developmental delays. Top 25 questions of noonan syndrome discover the top 25 questions that someone asks himselfherself when is diagnosed with noonan syndrome noonan syndrome forum. Children may have webbing of the neck, lowset ears, droopy eyelids, widely spaced eyes, shortened fourth ring fingers, a higharched palate, and heart and blood vessel abnormalities. Noonan syndrome is a disorder characterized by specific facial dysmorphisms, cardiovascular defects, short stature, and variable developmental delay. A person can be affected by noonan syndrome in a wide variety of ways. Thesmallatrial septaldefects seemto be insignificant in view ofhypertrophied, but not dilated, right ventricle and normally sized right atrium, which wouldexclude a previous large pre tricuspid shunt. It can also occur as a spontaneous mutation, meaning theres no family history involved. For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of noonan syndrome, see ns1. The disease is a complex of features, mostly involving the skin, skeletal and cardiovascular systems, which may or may not be present in all patients. The severity of ns is the same in males and females.
The t58i mutation had previously been observed in a patient with noonan syndrome and craniosynostosis schubbert et al. Noonan syndrome foundation genetic and rare diseases. Noonan syndrome ns is characterised by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology and congenital heart defects. Evaluation of bleeding disorders in patients with noonan. Noonan syndrome causing raf1 mutations were strongly correlated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clinical details are presented on 151 individuals with noonan syndrome 83 males get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Noonan syndrome does not select the race or the sex of an individual. Noonan syndrome can affect a person in many different ways. Risk of transmission to the offspring of an affected individual is 50%. A tool for annotating and analyzing human hereditary disease peter n. Noonan syndrome ns is a relatively common congenital disease that affects both males and females equally. Noonan syndrome ns is a common genetic syndrome associated with gain of function variants in genes in the rasmapk pathway.
By dr noonan making the diagnosis despite identification of four causative genes when first pubications came out more now, the diagnosis of noonan syndrome is still a clinical one. Noonans syndrome is an autosomal dominant congenital disorder which affects males and females. Up to of individuals with ns have a mild intellectual disability. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease, meaning that. Noonan syndrome have a pediatric cardiology evaluation including echocardiogram. Noonan syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation and is acquired when a child inherits a copy of an affected gene from a parent dominant inheritance. Noonan syndrome is a genetic multisystem disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, developmental delay, learning difficulties, short stature, congenital heart disease, renal anomalies, lymphatic malformations, and bleeding difficulties. Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that may cause short stature, distinctive facial features and heart abnormalities. Management of noonan syndrome the rasopathies network. Successful difficult airway management needs early recognition, adequate preparation, planned and vigilant approach.
These patients were previously thought to have a form of turner syndrome, with which noonan syndrome shares numerous clinical features. Teaching strategies for noonan syndrome ns introduction children with ns may have visual, auditory, motor andor cognitive difficulties it is recommended that teachers ensure ns students have had visual, auditory, occupational therapy and physical therapy assessments prior to commencing classes to facilitate positive learning outcomes and. The risk of noonan syndrome devel oping in the sibling of an affected person is 50% if the parent is affected, but is less than 1% if the parent is unaffected. Prenatal testing for noonan syndrome in fetuses with. Jan 29, 2016 noonan syndrome ns is a common genetic disorder with multiple congenital abnormalities.
Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that usually includes heart anomalies and characteristic facial features. Noonan syndrome is a common autosomal dominant condition, readily recognisable in childhood. Dysmorphic facial features may include hypertelorism, downward slanting eyes, epicanthal. That means that it is made when the physician considers that the child has enough of the characteristic features to warrant the label noonan syndrome or. Around 50% of patients with noonan syndrome have mutations of the ptpn11 gene which encodes for a protein called shp2. We describe two newborns with noonan s syndrome who presented with nonimmune hydrops fetalis that was most likely secondary to a generalized lymphatic vessel dysplasia. This misregulation can result in the heart defects, growth problems, skeletal abnormalities, and other features of noonan syndrome. It is characterized by dysmorphic features, short stature, developmental delays, bleeding issues and cardiac defects, however, there is a wide phenotypic spectrum. Noonan syndrome is a condition that is characterized by mildly unusual facial characteristics, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms. Mutation in the ptpn11 gene also causes leopard syndrome 1 lprd1. Noonan syndrome orphanet journal of rare diseases full.
The 3 most common characteristics of noonan syndrome are. Noonan syndrome ns is one of the more common genetic conditions. People with noonan syndrome have distinctive facial features such as a deep groove in the area between the nose and. Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines nsml, formerly known as leopard syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormalities of the skin, the structure and function of the heart, the inner ear, the head and facial craniofacial area, andor the genitals. Noonan syndrome ns is a genetic disorder that may present with mildly unusual facial features, short height, congenital heart disease, bleeding problems, and skeletal malformations. The main facial features of ns are hypertelorism with downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis and lowset posteriorly rotated ears with a thickened helix. Noonan syndrome is a genetic multisystem disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, developmental delay, learning difficulties, short stature, congenital heart disease, renal anomalies.
Feeding difficulties and foregut dysmotility in noonans. In familial cases, autosomal dominant inheritance is con firmed. Noonan syndrome is relatively common, occurring in about 1 in 1,000 to 2,500 people. As a group, the rasopathies are one of the largest groups of malformation syndromes known, affecting 1. Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes heart defects, bleeding problems, distinct facial features, and more.
Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of multiple parts of the body. Facial features include widely spaced eyes, lightcolored eyes, lowset ears, a short neck, and a small lower jaw. Noonan s syndrome is an autosomal dominant congenital disorder which affects males and females. It was described in 1963 by jacqueline noonan, it has a prevalence of 12500. Noonan syndrome may be inherited in up to 75 per cent of cases. Purpose noonan s syndrome is a common dysmorphic syndrome in which failure to thrive and gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent but poorly understood. Many cases are sporadic and are likely due to new variant. Noonan syndrome ns is a disorder involving defects in the rasmapk pathway. This child has both digeorge syndrome and noonan s syndrome. Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that typically includes heart abnormalities and characteristic facial features. Severe pulmonary hypertension ullrichnoonan syndrome.
Other manifestations of lymphatic abnormalities in noonan s syndrome, such as pedal edema and pulmonary and intestinal lymphangiectasis, have been observed in children. Noonan syndrome top 25 questions noonan syndrome map. Noonan syndrome ns is a common autosomal dominant condition that is associated with short stature and congenital heart disease chd, most often pulmonic stenosis. The noonan syndrome foundation nsf is the leading 501c3 nonprofit, charitable noonan syndrome ns organization. The incidence of ns is estimated as 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 2,500 births, so it is still a relatively rare condition. Webmd tells you what signs to look for in a baby and child. Rarely, a person with noonan syndrome caused by ptpn11 gene mutations will also develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, which is a type of blood cancer that typically affects children or adolescents. Our mission is to support, educate, and advocate for those with noonan syndrome.
The phenotype of ns has been well characterized in populations of european descent with less attention given to other groups. Noonan syndrome ns is a relatively common, autosomaldominant inherited disorder that is predominantly characterised by short stature, subtle facial dysmorphisms, chest deformity, congenital heart disease, and variable degrees of developmental delay. Similarly undescended testes, delayed bone age and short stature are alsocommonfindings. Noonan syndrome ns is a common, clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, chest deformity, congenital heart disease, and other comorbidities. Apr 30, 2018 noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that prevents normal development of various parts of the body. In noonan syndrome causing genes with heterozygous mutations, the recurrence risk in one genetically affected parent is 50% per each pregnancy, while in an unaffected parent with noonan syndrome child, the recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies is very low, approximately 15% owing to putative germline mosaicism. Aug 23, 2018 noonan syndrome is a pleiomorphic autosomal dominant disorder with cardinal features such as short stature, distinctive facial dysmorphia, webbed neck, and heart defects. Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that usually includes heart abnormalities and characteristic facial features.
Apr 30, 2018 noonan syndrome was first recognized as a unique entity in 1963 when noonan and ehmke described a series of patients with unusual facies and multiple malformations, including congenital heart disease. Heart defect firstdegree relative who has noonan pubertal delay and or infertility syndrome or any of the above features table 1. A similar deficit was found in a published cohort of patients with noonan syndrome, in which 47% of their patients had no screening coagulation studies before surgery. Noonan syndrome nord national organization for rare disorders. Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that prevents normal development in various parts of the body. Noonan syndrome associated mutations cause the shp2 protein to be continuously active, rather than switching on and off in response to other cellular proteins. It is characterized by mildly unusual facial characteristics, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms. Dec 11, 2018 noonan syndrome is a lifelong disorder.
Left ventricular noncompaction in noonan syndrome robert b hinton1, paula goldenberg2, richard c godby1, ashley parrott 1, amy g shikany, benjamin j landis3, jeanne f james 1, erin m miller and stephanie m ware3 corresponding author. Lentigines, electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth, deafnes, multiple lentigines syndrome, cardiomyopathic lentiginosis, noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. Severepulmonaryhypertensionin ullrichnoonansyndrome 77 primarytype. Noonan syndrome at a glance noonan syndrome ns may include findings of short stature, heart defects, distinctive facial features, and developmental delays. Noonan syndrome is considered in anyone who presents with two or more of the following. Noonan syndrome may be caused by a mutation in any of. Etiologic assessment of noonan syndrome occurred prior to or at.
About onethird of affected children have mild intellectual disability. Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines nsml which is part of a group called rasmapk pathway syndromes, is a rare autosomal dominant, multisystem disease caused by a mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 11 gene. Noonan syndrome is a relatively common multiple con genital anomaly syndrome, the incidence being estimated by nora et al. The evaluation of hematologic screening and perioperative. Noonan syndrome childrens health issues merck manuals. Noonan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Noonan syndrome ns is characterized by characteristic facies, short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder inherited as an autosomal trait or occurring sporadically, characterised by short stature, dysmorphic facies, webbed neck, congenital heart disease or.
Noonan syndrome genetic and rare diseases information. Approximately 25% of individuals with noonan syndrome have mental. Noonan syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominant disorder. Noonan syndrome affects as many as 1 in people noonan syndrome is misdiagnosed or undiagnosed in almost 50% of cases 80% of people with noonan syndrome have heart defects noonan syndrome is linked with a higher rate of childhood cancers people with noonan syndrome often require medical, educational and social supports. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva in a patient with. Noonan s syndrome is a multisystem syndrome that has received little attention in the dermatologic literature, although there are numerous cutaneous manifestations that have been described. Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines formerly called leopard syndrome is a condition that affects many areas of the body. These include unusual facial characteristics, short stature, heart defects, other physical problems and possible developmental delays. Noonan syndrome ns is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous nonaneuploidic congenital rasopathy.
Thedysmorphic features in the childptosis, epicanthic folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, short neck, and widely spaced nipplesare characteristic of noonan s syndrome. The three most common characteristics of noonan syndrome are. Nextgen noonan panel school of medicine genetics uab. Noonan syndrome should be suspected prenatally in any fetus with cystic hygroma and normal karyotype, especially if a congenital heart defect is noted particularly pulmonary stenosis. Genomic dna obtained from chorionic villi, cultured villi, or cultured amniocytes, captured by hybridization and pcr amplified truseq custom amplicon. In 2 unrelated children with noonan syndrome and craniosynostosis, kratz et al. It is characterised by congenital heart disease, short stature, a broad and webbed neck, sternal deformity, variable degree of developmental delay, cryptorchidism, increased bleeding tendency and characteristic facial features that evolve with age. Noonan syndrome is a pleomorphic genetic disorder, in which a high percentage of affected individuals have cardiovascular involvement, most prevalently various forms of congenital heart disease i. The syndrome was first described as a distinct syndrome in 1963 by noonan and. About one third of affected children have mild intellectual disability.
It is always evident but its detection may depend with its severity. Noonan syndrome is a congenital disease meaning that it dates from birth. This noonan growth chart is constructed using the lms method after converting the distribution of heights and weights at each age into a normal distribution. Age and sex distribution noonan syndrome is an inherited disorder present since birth. Facial features most obvious in babies and children and more subtle in adults. Management of noonan syndrome focuses on controlling the disorders symptoms and complications. Mutations that cause noonan syndrome alter genes encoding proteins with roles in the rasmapk pathway, leading to pathway dysregulation. Features of noonan syndrome may include a distinctive facial appearance, short stature, a broad or webbed neck, congenital heart defects, bleeding problems, problems with bone structure skeletal malformations, and developmental delay. Noonan syndrome varies from relatively mild to severe. Not everyone with the disorder will share the same characteristics.
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